Prolapse
What is Vaginal Prolapse?
Vaginal prolapse, sometimes called pelvic organ prolapse, happens when the muscles and tissues that support the vagina weaken. As a result, one or more pelvic organs — such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum — may drop and press into the vaginal walls. This condition is common in women, especially after childbirth, menopause, or pelvic surgery.
Symptoms of Prolapse
Not every woman with vaginal prolapse has symptoms, but common signs include:
- A feeling of pressure or fullness in the vagina or pelvis
- A visible bulge or tissue protruding from the vaginal opening
- Difficulty emptying the bladder or bowel
- Leakage of urine (urinary incontinence)
- Lower back or pelvic discomfort
- Pain or discomfort during intercourse
If symptoms interfere with daily life, treatment can greatly improve comfort and quality of life.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors can contribute to vaginal prolapse:
- Childbirth: Vaginal deliveries stretch and weaken pelvic floor muscles.
- Aging & Menopause: Decreased estrogen can reduce tissue strength.
- Pelvic Surgery: Hysterectomy or prior pelvic procedures may change support structures.
- Chronic Pressure: Heavy lifting, obesity, or chronic coughing can strain the pelvic floor.
- Genetics: Some women naturally have weaker connective tissues.
Types of Vaginal Prolapse
- Cystocele (Bladder Prolapse): The bladder bulges down into the top wall of the vagina.
- Rectocele: The rectum bulges into the bottom wall (floor) of the vagina.
- Uterine Prolapse: The uterus descends into the vaginal canal.
- Vault Prolapse: Occurs after hysterectomy, when the top of the vagina drops.
Treatment Options for Vaginal Prolapse
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and personal preference. Options include:
- Observation: Prolapse is not dangerous to your health. If you do not have discomfort or bothersome symptoms, watching the prolapse over time is an option. It may stay the same size, or it could worsen over the years.
- Lifestyle & Pelvic Floor Exercises: Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles with Kegels, seeing a pelvic floor physical therapist, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding heavy lifting can reduce symptoms.
- Pessary Device: A removable silicone device placed inside the vagina to support pelvic organs. This is easily placed in clinic and could cause immediate relief of your symptoms.
- Medication: Vaginal estrogen may help improve tissue strength after menopause.
- Surgery: For severe cases, surgical repair can restore support. This may involve repairing vaginal walls, supporting the uterus, or removing the uterus if needed.
When to See a Urologist
If you notice a bulge in your vagina, persistent pelvic pressure, or bladder/bowel difficulties, it’s important to seek evaluation. Many women delay care because of embarrassment, but effective, personalized treatments are available.
Disclaimer
The information on this website is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Use of this site does not create a doctor–patient relationship. If you have a medical concern, please consult a qualified healthcare provider. In case of emergency, call 911 immediately.